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SYLLABUS

Unit-I

Living World • Definition and characters of living organisms • Diversity in the living world • Binomial nomenclature • Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae, Virus. Morphology of Flowering Plants • Morphology of different parts of flowering plants - Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit and seed. • General anatomy of root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons and dicotyledons.

Unit-II

Body Fluids and Circulation • Composition of blood, blood groups and coagulation of blood • Composition and functions of lymph • Human circulatory system • Structure of human heart and blood vessels • Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and ECG. Digestion and Absorption • Human alimentary canal and digestive glands • Role of digestive enzymes • Digestion, absorption and assimilation of digested food. Breathing and Respiration • Human respiratory system • Mechanism of breathing and its regulation • Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration • Respiratory volumes.

Unit-III

Excretory Products and their Elimination • Modes of excretion • Human excretory system - Structure and function • Urine formation • Renin angiotensin system. Neural Control and Coordination • Definition and classification of nervous system • Structure of a neuron • Generation and conduction of nerve impulse • Structure of brain and spinal cord • Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Chemical Coordination and Regulation • Endocrine glands and their secretions • Functions of hormones secreted by endocrine glands. Human Reproduction • Parts of female reproductive system • Parts of male reproductive system • Spermatogenesis and oogenesis • Menstrual cycle.

Unit-IV

Plants and Mineral Nutrition • Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients. • Nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation. Photosynthesis • Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, factors affecting photosynthesis.

Unit-V

Plant Respiration: Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic). Plant Growth and Development • Phases and rate of plant growth, conditions of growth, introduction to plant growth regulators. Cell - The Unit of Life • Structure and functions of cell and cell organelles. Cell division. Tissues • Definition, types of tissues, location and functions.