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SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

BASIC CONCEPTS Rankine cycle – Schematic layout, Thermodynamic analysis, Concept of mean temperature of heat addition, Methods to improve cycle performance – Regeneration – Reheating – Combined cycles.

UNIT-II

BOILERS Classification based on working principles & pressures of operation - L.P and H.P. boilers – Mountings and accessories. DRAUGHT Classification – Height of chimney for given draught and discharge, Condition for maximum discharge, Efficiency of chimney – Artificial draught, Induced and forced draught.

UNIT-III

STEAM NOZZLES Function of nozzle – Applications – Types, Flow through nozzles, Thermodynamic analysis – Assumptions -Velocity of nozzle at exit-ideal and actual expansion in nozzle, Velocity coefficient, Condition for maximum discharge, Critical pressure ratio. Criteria for design of nozzle shape – Super saturated flow and its effects, Degree of super saturation and degree of under cooling – Wilson line – Shock at the exit. CONDENSERS Classification, Air leakage vacuum efficiency, Condenser efficiency, Problems.

UNIT-IV

IMPULSE TURBINE Mechanical details – Velocity diagram – Effect of friction – Power developed, Axial thrust blade or diagram efficiency – Condition for maximum efficiency. De-laval turbine – Its features. Methods to reduce rotor speed - Velocity compounding and pressure compounding, Velocity and pressure variation along the flow – Combined velocity diagram for a velocity compounded impulse turbine. REACTION TURBINE Mechanical details – Principle of operation, Thermodynamic analysis of a stage, Degree of reaction – Velocity diagram – Parson’s reaction turbine – Condition for maximum efficiency.

UNIT-V

GAS TURBINES Simple gas turbine plant – Ideal cycle, Essential components – Parameters of performance – Actual cycle – Regeneration, Inter cooling and reheating – Closed and Semi-closed cycles – Merits and demerits, Brief concepts of compressors, Combustion chambers and turbines used in gas turbine plants. JET PROPULSION Principle of operation – Classification of jet propulsive engines – Working principles with schematic diagrams and representation on T-S diagram – Thrust, Thrust power and propulsion efficiency – Turbo jet, Turbo prop, Pulse jet engines – Schematic diagram, Thermodynamic cycle. Introduction to rocket propulsion.