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SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Classification – Deflecting, Control and damping torques – Ammeters and voltmeters - PMMC, Moving iron type instruments – Expression for the deflecting torque and control torque – Errors and compensations, Extension of range using shunts and series resistance. Electrostatic voltmeters – Electrometer type and attracted disc type – Extension of range of E.S Voltmeters.
UNIT-II
POTENTIOMETERS AND INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS Principle and operation of D.C Crompton’s potentiometer – Standardization – Measurement of unknown resistance, Current, Voltage. A.C Potentiometers: Polar and coordinate types standardization – Applications. CT and PT-Ratio and phase angle errors.
UNIT-III
MEASUREMENT OF POWER AND ENERGY Single phase dynamometer wattmeter, LPF and UPF, Double element and three element dynamometer wattmeter, Expression for deflecting and control torques – Extension of range of wattmeter using instrument transformers – Measurement of active and reactive powers in balanced and unbalanced systems. Single phase induction type energy meter – Driving and braking torques – Errors and compensations – Testing by phantom loading using R.S.S meter. Three phase energy meter – Tri-vector meter, Maximum demand meters.
UNIT-IV
D.C AND A.C BRIDGES Method of measuring low, Medium and high resistance – Sensitivity of Wheat-stone’s bridge – Carey foster’s bridge, Kelvin’s double bridge for measuring low resistance, Measurement of high resistance – Loss of charge method. Measurement of inductance – Maxwell’s bridge, Hay’s bridge, Anderson’s bridge – Owen’s bridge. Measurement of capacitance and loss angle – Desautys bridge – Wien’s bridge – Schering bridge.
UNIT-V
TRANSDUCERS AND MEASUREMENT OF NON-ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES Transducers: Definition of transducers, Classification of transducers, Advantages of electrical transducers, Characteristics and choice of transducers, Principle operation of LVDT and capacitor transducers; LVDT Applications, Strain gauge and its principle of operation, Gauge factor, Thermistors, Thermocouples, Piezo electric transducers, photovoltaic, Photo conductive cells, Photo diodes. Measurement of Non-Electrical Quantities: Measurement of strain, Guage sensitivity, Displacement, Velocity, Angular velocity, Acceleration, Force, Torque, Temperature, Pressure, Vacuum, Flow and Liquid level.
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CategoriesEngineering
Format EPUB
TypeeBook