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SYLLABUS

Unit-1

Introduction : Basic Concepts : Macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints, definitions of thermodynamic terms, quasi – static process, point and path functions, forms of energy, ideal gas and real gas, Zeroth law of thermodynamics. First Law of Thermodynamics : Joule’s experiment – first law of thermodynamics, corollaries-perpetual motion machines of first kind, first law applied to non-flow and flow process-limitations of first law of thermodynamics.

Unit-2

Second Law of Thermodynamics : Kelvin-Planck statement and Clausius statement and their equivalence, corollaries – Perpetual motion machines of second kind – Reversibility and irreversibility, causes of irreversibility – Carnot cycle, heat engine, heat pump and refrigerator, Carnot theorem, Carnot efficiency

Unit-3

Entropy : Clausius inequality – Concept of Entropy – entropy equation for different processes and systems. Availability and Irreversibility : Definition of exergy and anergy, expressions for availability and irreversibility. Availability in steady flow, non-flow processes and irreversibility.

Unit-4

Properties of Steam and Use of Steam Tables : Pure Substances, P-V-T surfaces, T-s and h-s diagram, Mollier chart, dryness fraction, property tables, analysis of steam undergoing various thermodynamic processes using Mollier chart – Steam calorimetry.

Unit-5

Thermodynamic Relations : Maxwell relations, TdS equations, difference in heat capacities, ratio of heat capacities, Energy equation, Joule Thompson coefficient, Clausius – Clapeyron equation. Air Standard Cycles : Otto, Diesel and dual cycles, P-V and T-S diagrams - Description and efficiencies, mean effective pressures. Comparison of Otto, Diesel and dual cycles