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SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
Introduction and Basic Concepts Introduction– Objectives – Classification and principles of surveying – Scales – Shrinkage of Map – Conventional symbols and Code of Signals – Surveying accessories – Phases of surveying. Measurement of Distances and Directions Linear Distances – Approximate methods – Direct Methods – Chains – Tapes – Ranging – Tape corrections. Prismatic Compass – Bearings – Included angles – Local Attraction – Magnetic Declination and dip.
UNIT-II
Leveling – Types of levels and levelling staves – Temporary adjustments – Methods of levelling – booking and Determination of levels – Effect of Curvature of Earth and Refraction. Contouring – Characteristics and uses of Contours – Methods of contour surveying. Areas – Determination of areas consisting of irregular boundary and regular boundary. Volumes – Determination of volume of earth work in cutting and embankments for level section, volume of borrow pits – Capacity of reservoirs.
UNIT-III
Theodolite Surveying Types of Theodolites – Fundamental Lines – Temporary adjustments – Measurement of horizontal angle by repetition method and reiteration method – Measurement of vertical Angle – Trigonometrical levelling when base is accessible and inaccessible. Traversing Methods of traversing – Traverse computations and adjustments – Omitted measurements.
UNIT-IV
Curves Types of curves and their necessity – Elements of simple – Compound – Reverse – Transition and vertical curves. Tacheometric Surveying Principles of Tacheometry – Stadia and tangential methods of Tacheometry – Modern Surveying Methods: Principle and types of E.D.M. Instruments – Total station- advantages and Applications, Field Procedure for total station survey – Errors in total station survey – Global Positioning System – Principle and Applications.
UNIT-V
Photogrammetry Surveying Introduction – Basic concepts – Perspective geometry of aerial photograph – Relief and tilt displacements –Terrestrial photogrammetry – Flight planning –Stereoscopy – Ground control extension for photographic mapping – Aerial triangulation – Radial triangulation – Methods – Photographic mapping – Mapping using paper prints – Mapping using stereoplotting instruments – Mosaics – Map substitutes.
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CategoriesEngineering
Format EPUB
TypeeBook