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SYLLABUS

UNIT-1

1. Crystal Structure

Solids – Amorphous and Crystalline Materials – Lattice Translation Vectors – Lattice with a Basis - Central and Non-Central Elements – Unit Cell – Miller Indices – Types of Lattices, Reciprocal Lattice – Brillouin Zones – Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals – Bragg’s Law – Atomic and Geometrical Factor. Elementary Lattice Dynamics: Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear Monoatomic and Diatomic Chains – Acoustical and Optical Phonons – Qualitative Description of the Phonon Spectrum in Solids – Dulong and Petit’s Law – Einstein and Debye theories of specific heat of solids – T3 law.

UNIT-2

2. Magnetic Properties of Matter

Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials – Classical Langevin Theory of dia-and Paramagnetic Domains – Curie’s law – Weiss’s Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic Domains – Discussion of B-H Curve – Hysteresis and Energy Loss. Dielectric Properties of Materials: Polarization – Local Electric Field at an Atom – Depolarization Field– Electric Susceptibility – Polarizability – Clausius Mosotti Equation – Classical Theory of Electronic Polarizability.

UNIT-3

3. Elementary Band Theory

Kronig Penny model – Band Gap – Brillouin zones, effective mass of electron – Conductor, Semiconductor (P and N type) and insulator – Conductivity of Semiconductor, mobility, Hall Effect, Electric Conductivity by four probe method & Hall coefficient.

UNIT-4

4. Lasers

Einstein’s A and B coefficients – Metastable states – Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions – Optical pumping

and Population Inversion – Three-Level and Four-Level Lasers – Ruby Laser and He-Ne Laser. Superconductivity: Experimental Results – Critical Temperature – Critical magnetic field – Meissner effect– Type I and type II Superconductors, London’s Equation and Penetration Depth – Isotope effect – Idea of BCS theory – D.C and A.C Josepson effects.