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1.1 Introduction to Instruments and their Representation: Typical Applications of Instrument Systems, Functional Elements of a Measurement System, Brief Description of the Functional Elements of the Instruments
1.2 Classification of Instruments, Microprocessor -Based Instrumentation, Standards and Calibration
1.3 Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Instruments: Static Performance Parameters, Impedance Loading and Matching, Selection and Specifications of Instruments, Dynamic Response, Compensation
1.4 Transducer Elements: Analog Transducers, Digital Transducers
1.5 Basic detector transducer elements: Electrical transducer, Sliding Contract devices, Variable-inductance transducer elements, the differential transformer, Variable-reluctance transducers
1.6 Capacitive transducers, The piezoelectric effect, photo-electric transducer, electronic transducer element
1.7 Intermediate Elements: Amplifier, Operational Amplifier, Differential and Integrating Elements, Filters, A-D and D-A Converters
1.8 The simple current sensitive circuit, the ballast circuit, The voltage-dividing potentiometer circuit, The voltage balancing potentiometer circuit, Resistance bridges
1.9 Indicating, Recording and Display Elements: Meter Indicators, The vacuum tube voltmeter, CRO, Electronic Switch, CRO recording techniques, Oscillographs, Digital Recorders
2.1 Strain Measurement: The electrical resistance strain gauge - The metallic resistance strain gauge, Selection and Installation factors for metallic strain gauge, Circuitry, metallic strain gauge
2.2 The strain gauge ballast circuit, the staring gauge bridge circuit, Temperature compensation.
2.3 Measurement of Pressure: Pressure measurement systems, Pressure measurement transducers,
2.4 Elastic diaphragms, strain gauge pressure cells, measurement of high pressure, Measurement of low pressures, dynamic characteristics of pressure measuring systems.
2.5 Measurement of Fluid Flow: Flow characteristics obstruction meters, Obstruction meter for compressible fluids- Orifice, Venturimeter and Pitot tube, The variable-area meter, Turbine Flow meters.
2.6 Temperature Measurement: Use of bimetals pressure thermometers, Thermocouples, Pyrometry, Calibration of temperature measuring devices.
2.7 Force, Power, Speed and Torque Measurement: Load Cell, Dynamometers, Tachometer and Tacho-generator, Stroboscope, The seismic instrument - Vibrometers and accelerometers
3.1 Description of open and closed loop control systems and their block diagrams.
3.2 Use of block diagram and signal flow graph to find overall transfer function
3.3 1st and 2nd order systems and their response to step and sinusoidal input
3.4 Error analysis, static and dynamic error coefficients
3.5 Routh’s stability criterion
3.6 The Root-Locus method, Bode Plot and Nyquist plot
3.7 Gain margin and phase margin.
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CategoriesMechanical
Format EPUB
TypeeBook