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SYLLABUS
Chapter-1
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I (22 Periods)
Unit I A: Digestive and Absorption Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, egestion, Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (for box item- not to be evaluated); Nutritional disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrion (PEM), indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea, Kwashiorkor.
Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration Respiratory organs in animals; Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – Exchanges of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration; Respiratory volumes; Respiratory disorders: Asthma, Exphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in coal miners.
Chapter-2
Human Anatomy and Physiology – II (22 Periods) Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year composition of lymph and functions; Clotting of blood; Human circulatory system – structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system : Hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Unit II B: Excretory Products and the Elimination Modes of excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human excretory system – structure of kidney and nephron; Urine formation, osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function – Renin – Angiotensin – Aldosterone system, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis, dialysis using artificial kidney.
Chapter-3
Human Anatory and physiology - III (20 Periods) Unit III - A Muscular and Skeletal System Skeletal muscle – ultra structure: Contractile proteins & muscle contraction ; Skeletal system and its functions; Joints. (to be dealt with relevance to practical syllabus): Disorders of the muscular and skeletal system: myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, regormortis.
Unit III - B Nerural Control and Co-ordination Nervous system in human beings – Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system and Visceral nervous system ; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sensory perception; Sense organs; Brief description of other receptors; Elementary structure and functioning of eye and ear.
Chapter-4
Human anatomy and physiology - IV (15 Periods) Unit IV A: Endocrine system and chemical Co-ordination Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea only); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators; Hypo and Hyper activity and related disorders: Common disorders Dwarfism, acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome. (Diseases & disorders to be dealt in brief).
Unit IV B: Immune System Basic concepts of Immunology – Types of Immunity – Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.
Chapter-5
Human Reproduction (22 Periods)
Unit V A: Human Reproductive system Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis & ovary; Gametogenesis “ Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilization, Embryo development up to blastocyst formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, placenta formation, Parturition, Lactation (elementary idea).
Unit V B: Reproductive Health Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies IVF-Et, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
Chapter-6
Genetics (20 Periods) Heredity and variation: Mendel’s laws of inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila melanogaster Grey, Black body colour; Long, Vestigial wings). Pleiotropy; Multiple alleles: Inheritance of blood groups and RH – factors;Co-dominance (Blood groups as exmple); Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Skin colour in humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster and honey bees; Sex linked inheritance – Haemophilla, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled anaemia, cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal disorders - Down’s syndrome
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CategoriesGeneral Science
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