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SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
Introduction to Circuit breakers Circuit breakers: Elementary principles of arc interruption, Recovery, Restriking voltage and recovery voltages – Restriking phenomenon, Average and maximum RRRV, Numerical problems – Current chopping and resistance switching – CB ratings and specifications: Types and Numerical problems – Auto reclosures, Description and operation of following types of circuit breakers: Minimum oil circuit breakers, Air blast circuit breakers, Vacuum and SF6 circuit breakers.
UNIT-II
Electromagnetic and static relays Principle of operation and construction of attracted armature, Balanced beam, Induction disc and induction cup relays. Types of over current relays: Instantaneous, DMT and IDMT types. Application of relays: Over current / Under voltage relays, Direction relays, Differential relays and percentage differential relays. Universal torque equation. Distance relays: Impedance, Reactance and Mho and off-set Mho relays, Characteristics of distance relays and comparison. Static Relays: Static relays verses electromagnetic relays.
UNIT-III
Protection of power equipment Protection of generators against stator faults, Rotor faults and abnormal conditions. Restricted earth fault and inter-turn fault protection. Numerical problems on % winding unprotected. Protection of transformers: Percentage differential protection, Numerical problem on design of CTs ratio, Buchholtz relay protection. Protection of Lines: Over current, Carrier current and three-zone distance relay protection using impedance relays. Translay relay. Protection of bus bars – Differential protection.
UNIT-IV
Neutral Grounding Grounded and ungrounded neutral systems – Effects of ungrounded neutral on system performance. Methods of neutral grounding: Solid, Resistance, Reactance – Arcing grounds and grounding practices.
UNIT-V
Protection Against over voltages Generation of over voltages in power systems – Protection against lightning over voltages – Valve type and zinc oxide lightning arresters – Insulation coordination – BIL, Impulse ratio, Standard impulse test wave, Volttime characteristics.
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CategoriesEngineering
Format EPUB
TypeeBook