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SYLLABUS
Unit-I
Biomolecules Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins. Bioenergetics Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reactions, relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; redox potential. Energy rich compounds, classification, biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP.
Unit-II
Carbohydrate Metabolism Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance. Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance. HMP shunt and its significance, Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, glycogen metabolism pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSDs). Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance, hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus. Biological Oxidation Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism, oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate phosphorylation, inhibitors of ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/uncouplers.
Unit-III
Lipid Metabolism β-oxidation of saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid), formation and utilization of ketone bodies, ketoacidosis, De novo synthesis of fatty acids (palmitic acid), biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D. Disorders of lipid metabolism– Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity. Amino Acid Metabolism General reactions of amino acid metabolism – Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders, catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (phenylketonuria, albinism, alkaptonuria, tyrosinemia), synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, catabolism of heme, hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice.
Unit-IV
Nucleic Acid metabolism and genetic information transfer Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, catabolism of purine nucleotides and hyperuricemia and gout disease, organization of mammalian genome, structure of DNAand RNAand their functions, DNAreplication (semiconservative model), transcription or RNA synthesis, genetic code, translation or protein synthesis and inhibitors.
Unit-V
Enzymes Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes, enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Lineweaver Burk plot), enzyme inhibitors with examples. Regulation of enzymes: enzyme-induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes, coenzymes–structure and biochemical functions.
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CategoriesPharmacy
Format PDF
TypeeBook